The History of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
has a very glorious and heroic history. In Azerbaijan great sons such
as Javanshir, Babek, Shah Ismail Hetayi, Koroglu, Javad Khan, and others
grew up. These sons of the motherland always thought about their
homeland’s benefit. For example, Javanshir spent sleepless nights and
thought about how he can be useful for his people. He became a great
leader and created the Girdman State in the 7th century. Another example, in the 9th
century the Arabians invaded Azerbaijan and Babek decided to save his
people from the enemies. He fought more than 20 years against the
Arabian Khalafat and even though he lost, he fight shocked thoroughly
the Arabian Khalafat. At last he died for his people, he sacrificed
himself for his people, for his motherland. We
can’t say that there are not black days in our history. Azerbaijan’s
nature, its geographical position, and its natural riches, have always
attracted strangers. We, the hospitable and peaceful Azerbaijani
people, always saw treason from our neighbors. We have had a lot of
tragedies, they include, 944 the tragedy of Berda by the Russians,
tragedies in the 13th and 14th centuries by the Mongols, the Russians again in the 17th and 18th
centuries, 1804 the tragedy of Ganga where Javad Khan said that the
Russians could only enter the city over his dead body. In 1828
Azerbaijan was separated into two parts by Iran and Russia by the
Turkmenchay Treaty. The North was given to Russia and the South to
Iran. The Araz River was the frontier.
When
M. A. Resulzade came to government in 1918, he saved north Azerbaijan
from the Russians. He created the first democratic state in the East,
the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan. But our southern land is still
in Iran. With great sorrow, I must say that our Borchali region was
given to Georgia, Darban to Russia, and the paradise of Azerbaijan,
Goyche Mahali to Armenia. The Armenians have never had their own
place. In the end, they defeated the eye of Azerbaijan – GARABAGH. Now
they are living on Azerbaijan lands. They committed the 1918 genocide,
the tragedy of the 20th of January 1990, and the tragedy of Xojali on the 26th
of February 1992. They acted wildly, they killed children, elderly
people, and women. But they must know that from the ancient times
GARABAGH was our land and always will be. Azerbaijan is invincible. In
the end we want to say that we are proud that we are a citizen of a
republic like Azerbaijan and we hope and we believe that soon we will
save our land from the damned enemies.
The History of İsmayilli
Ismayilli
region was organized in 1931. Its territory is about 2064 km². Its rich
nature, fertile lands, rivers, healing springs and large pastures
caused old people to inhabit in here. Our forefathers were especially
busy by cattle-breeding, hunting and gardening. There are a lot of
historical monuments in Ismayilli region. Chavanshir castle -near
Talistan, Maiden Towers – near Khanagah ( XI-XIII cent. ), bath-house,
mosque and old plane tree ( XVIII cent. ), Girdiman castle and memorial
– near Lahich, Fitdagh ( XIII cent. ) –near Sulut and others. The
historical monuments are kept safe and sound in Sangalan, Gushenche,
Ivanovka plateaus. For example: Kurduvan, Uzunboylar, Shikhdara hill,
Mollaisakhli, Galagah, Hachihatamli, Patakli and Shakili monuments. A
lot of guns, jewelry things, condition things, labor things, little
monuments and coins were found there. All of these show that, here lived
population having developed civilization and economy. The remainders of
these monuments remained about 0, 6-0, 8 m depth. 
ABOUT THE MONUMENTS
Khanagh and Maiden Towers may concern to XI century. Gasimkhan castle ( XIV cent. ) is situated in 7-8 km at the north from Galachig village, near the source of Goychay river on a high mountain. Gasimkhan castle is one the monuments, which is destroyed much around Gigala´s territory. Sulut, Khankandi and Kurduvan monuments were summer residence of Shirvan leaders. They say the flocks of khan were used to feed in Fit and Niyal mountains. There are continues life more than 2000 years in Khankandi and Kurduvan. One of these monuments is Buzkhana which concern to Shirvan leaders – is Zeyve memorial. (XIX cent.) Its height is 6 m. In 1805, when the Russians were defeated North Azerbaijan, Shirvan´s lieder Mustafa khan was strengthen in the Fit castle.
Even
though he signed Kurekchay treaty in 1805, 27th of December, he was
continued his fight in the Fit castle.One of Sulut monuments is
Buzkhana. 650-700 m from Buzkhana in the North, there is “Haram qalasi”
or Girkhotag (40 room) monument. Almost, the walls of this castle are
quite safe and sound. During Sasani´s period, in the III century some
monuments were built with the fear of the North. For example:
Chavanshir castle stays till now therefore its walls destroy. This
monument is a great example for the past of Azerbaijan masters. In some
sources were considered that Ismailli’s territory was founded by
Cavanshir the ruler of Girdiman state in the 7th century.
Another
historical monument are the grave stones, which are situated in
Pirdavud cemetery ( III-I cent. B.C.) The inscriptions in the grave
stones prove that, they have very old history. Girlartapa monument is
concern to neolith period. The discoveries, which were found from
Girlartapa show that, there existed a life from the 5th cent. B.C. till
the middle ages during 7000 years.
Bibliography
Title, Author: The historian Qafar Cabiyev.
The Geography of Ismayilli
Ismayilli region was organized in 1931. Its territory is 2064 km2 . The population is 70,724. Ismayilli is on the south slope of great Caucasus Mountains. The centre of Ismayilli of region is Ismayilli city. It is situated 270 km from the capital of Azerbaijan Baku. The territory of the region is especially mountainous. The South-eastern end of the Alazan and Haftaran valleys are in the territory of Ismayilli. The southern part of the region is rolling hills and another part is lowlands.The territory is cut by deep river canyons. The rivers of the region flow into the river Kur’s basin. It has small lakes. Great living places are Ismayilli city, Lahij settlement, the Russian village of Ivanovka, Mijan, Basqal, Kurtmashi, and Qalajik villages. At the present there are 114 villages in the Ismayilli region.
ISMAILLY`S CLIMATE
Ismailly
region is situated on the low hills of the South Caucasus. This region
mostly has a mile climate.As the territory is consisted of the
mountains and plains inside the mild climate it has branches as warm
climate. The precipitation is fallen equally in the second part of the
climate cold climate and mountain- tundra types of climate. On average
precipitations yearly are 900-1600 mm. The temperature on the high
mountain places usual below 0 but on the plans +15 +20 degrees, in the
north places +2 +6 and in the south places +10 +14 degrees. Ismailly is
one of the most beautiful and splendid regions of Azerbaijan. Green
forests, water full rivers nice nature makes this place practice for the
foreigners and not only. Every season has its own charm here and summer
does too. The sun shines brightly but it is not very hot here. The
Caucasus keep this place cool in summer and because of it there are no
very strong winds in this area. The winter season is different in
different parts of region because of their situation. In the villages
which are situated on the slopes of the mountains like Bascal, Lahic
winter is usually snowy and harsh. Fall and spring are very foggy, misty
and wet here. But in places near to Aran zone winter is mild .They are
Kurtmashi, Qubaxelilli, Geraybeyli and others. There are some
differences between the regions situated in the south and places
situated in the north of the Ismailly. At the places which are situated
on the West part plants and climate are very different not the same.
These places have more plants and forests. Ismailly is consisted of 111
villages and 2 little towns.The Economy of Ismayilli
As
the Soviet government was established in Azerbaijan in 1932 Ismayilly
became as an independent region. The centre of the region first was
Ismayilly village in 1959 became a settlement and then in 1967 it is
formed as a city. Ismailly city is situated in Ganikhi-Alazan valley and
it is in 500 m height. There are 111 villages in this territory.
Mijan, Talistan and Julyan villages are connected to the city. Ismailly
is a sloppy zone. It has 3 parts:
1) Mountains field
2) Slope fields
3) Plains
There
are 20 rivers, 10 lakes and water reservations. The longest rivers are
Goychay chay, Girdiman chay and Aqsu chay. These rivers fulfill their
waters by rains and mountain waters. Ismailly is well endowed by nature,
fruitful grounds and kind people. Ismailly has a very nice nature and
that is why we have to take care of it. For that purpose there are some
reservations at this territory. One of them is between Khanaya and
Galacjiq villages. There are 134 kinds of plants there. They are
oak-tree, lime-tree, pine-tree, marple- tree and so on .Almost all
fruit-trees are grown here; apple-tree, pear-tree, plum-tree,
peach-tree, apricot, chest-not, nut and so on.
İn
order to use the local opportunities of our region at once, we must
develop winemaking, fruit production, bee-keeping, vine-growing,
carpet-making, silk-making and gathering herbs and at the same
time professionalism. Our region has a rich environment. We must
protect our environment. The main part
of the economy of Ismayilli was vine-growing. During Soviet regime it
was the most developed. But, after the 90th years these vineyards were
destroyed. We must develop this side of our economy nowadays. There are
many forests in Ismayilli. We must protect these forests. There is a
brickyard in Ismayilli. Sheep-breeding and cattle breeding are
developed in Ismayilli. There is also a butter-cheese factory and bread
factories in our region. The villages of Ismayilli have some branches
of industry for example: the carpet-making profession is developed in
Lahic and the production of shawls made from silk is famous in Basqal.
We can develop tourism and sanatoriums because our region has suitable
nature and climate. We know that in the village Ivanovka we have
collective economy too. We may develop this side and at the same time
farmer-economy and free enterprises.
Literature and Arts
About İsmailly’s famous Literary Personalities
Our
region Ismailli has brought up many famous persons. For example: The
scientist and writer Manaf Suleymanov, the doctor and theologian Molla
Mahammad Rza, the outstanding member of the women movement, the director
of the magazine “Azerbaijan qadını” and science history Hokuma
Sultanova, the commander of Azerbaijan division Seyfulla Mehdiyev,
academic, the professor on chemistry Soltan Mehdiyev, the first director
of law school, the teacher of Baku State University Yusif Rahimli, the
best of Azerbaijan artist, painter Ağa Mehdiyev, the economic scientist,
the first ship captain Shovkat Suleymanova. Geology-mineralogy
scientific S. Suleymanova and so on. There lived many educated persons
in our region İsmailli. One of them: is a doctor of technology science,
scientist, and academician Tofiq İsmailov. Tofiq Kazım oğlu İsmayılov
was born in 1933 in the village of Basqal of İsmailli. He died in
1991.He began to his activity in the palace named after Qaqarin. He
finished the secondary school in 1951.He entered the Institute of
Connection in Moscow. He worked as a director of the Institute of Cosmic
Exploration. He opened the Air cosmic Institute of Scientific Explore
and the Institute of Ecology. He was the author of more than 200
scientific work and inventions.
Abulhasan Alakbarzade: He is Azerbaijanian writer. Çingiz Alakbarzade:
He graduated philology faculty of Azerbaijan State University. After
graduating Philology faculty of Azerbaijan State University he worked
as a teacher in Ali-Bayramlı in 1960. He wrote many interesting stories
and novels. For example: “Vulkan”, “Hamilə dəniz”, “Alman şərabı”,
“Çılpaqlı”, “Qumarbaz”, “Zindan” and so on.
These are kinds of carpet without pile called "Palaz"
National Holiday Novruz
Novruz is one of the celebrations in our region.
What is Novruz?
Novruz
is green samani (wheat grass), colored eggs, sweets and bonfires.
Novruz is a National Holiday in Azerbaijan. Novruz means a new day.
Novruz is one of the oldest holidays in the world. People celebrate
Novruz as the birthday of nature and life. The people of Ismailli
celebrate Novruz on the 21st of March. On this day the sun
crosses the eguator and lightens the whole planet. We also call it
“Spring Holiday”. They celebrate spring holidays in Iran, Iraq, Turkey,
Afghanistan, Pakistan, and in Bulgaria too. There are four
pre-holidays, the Tuesdays before Novruz. They all have got their own
names. The first Tuesday is Water, the second Tuesday is Fire, the third
Tuesday is Air and the fourth Tuesday is Earth. On these Tuesday we
organize celebrations with our closest friends. Everybody must talk
about good and pleasant things. Mothers cook plov. Children jump over
the bonfires. Novruz rituals are very interesting. Parents usually have
gifts for their children. They buy new clothing and sweets. Nature
changes its clothing and people do the same. Azeri people clean and
decorate houses, yards, streets and squares. It is the time for charity
too. People make khonchas (a tray of sweets) and give them to the needy
people. There is always pakhlava, shakarbura, gogal, sweets, biscuits,
nuts, dry fruit, raisins and a big samani in the middle of khonchas.
Candles around khonchas burn and lighten them. The Spring Maiden comes
on the 21st of March. She wears a national costume. She
travels on a phaeton with horses. The spring Maiden decorates her
phaeton with flowers, red ribbons and balls.
There’s a show with “Kosa(the bearded)” and “Kechal (the bald)”. They
take part in Novruz celebrations too. They look very funny in their
costumes. They make people laugh with their tricks. And then they ask
for treats. In the evening children go to their neighbor’s houses, knock
on the door, throw a hat, and run and hide. The people in the house
then put candy or sweets in their hat. This looks like the Halloween
tradition of Trick or Treat in America. We send greeting cards to our
relatives. We also visit our grandparents. We congratulate everybody and
say “I wish you a Happy Holiday!”
Famous People
The Famous People of Ismayilli
There
are many famous poets, scientists, writers, actors, ect in Ismayilli.
We want to name some of them: Professorial candidates Teshekkul
Parlanov and Hilal Elesgerov, Pedogogical Professorial Candidate Endelib
Quliyev, Biology Professorial Candidate Shehriyar Meherremov, Physics
and Mathematics Professorial Candidates Agaqasim Qasimov and Burhan
Javadov, Techical Professorial Candidate Behram Quliyev, Police Chiefs
Eziz Movlamov and Ibrahim Bagirov, History Professorial Candidate Nejjar
Mustafayev, the famous oil engineer Semaye Huseynova, the redactor of
the newspaper Elin Sozu” Dashdemir Ajderoglu, the pilot Salah
Alakbarzade, doctor Nargiz Aliyeva and Tahir Mammadov. Ismailli’s
native children are famous not only in Azerbaijan, but in the world.
Some of them lived and work in other countries. For example:
Turkmanistan`s Repablic Honored teacher, Filology Professorial
Candidates, and professor Tahir Ceferli, Italy`s national hero Memmed
Bagirov, the hero of the Soviet Union, Behyeddin Mireyev, for whom a
school was named in Ukraine, and Vahab Qasimov, who is buried in Berlin,
among others. One of the famous people of Ismayilli, Maqsud Cavadov,
did much research in Azerbaijan on the history of math, wrote many
science articles and printed many books. We want to tell you about some
interesting facts: A citizen of the village Lahic, Ganci (1714-1715),
gained fame for his copper work and art in making samavars from copper.
It is said that one of his samavars was given to the Russian Csarista
Katherine the Great and its creator was given a medal. In the 1862
London World Fair, a scarf maker from Basqal, Nesir the son of
Abdulleziz, represented Azerbaijan by winning a silver medal for his
presentation of kelegayis (traditional Azerbaijani silk shawls).
This is silk kerchief made in Basqal
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